Semantic Predetermination in Psychological Research Launch Report — 171 Studies · 1,486 Pairs · Four Verdict Categories In memory of Jan Smedslund (1929–2026) · May 2026 Background Jan Smedslund argued throughout his career that most empirical findings in psychology are pseudo-empirical — knowable a priori from the conceptual language researchers use to define their constructs. If construct A and construct…